1. Lesson objectives
- Review disassembling and rebuilding Desktop
- Recognizing and reading basic specifications of Desktop mainboard components
2. Preparation of instruments
Each student prepares the following tools:
Main tools:
- 01 Desktop case
- 01 screwdriver
- 01 screw box
Support tools:
- 01 computer cleaning brush
- 01 cleaning cloth
3. Components of Desktop mainboard
3.1. Ports, slots and ROM BIOS
Speaker port, micro port
– They are ports which connect speaker and microphone on the mainboard.
– Specifications:
- Number of ports
- Color
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slot
– PCI is a slot to connect to expansion devices.
– Specifications:
- Color
- Number of ports
- Number of pins
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) slot
– AGP is a slot which is reserved for graphic cards in old computers.
– Specifications:
- Color
- Number of ports
- Number of pins
ROM BIOS
– ROM BIOS is an IC that stores the BIOS program. The BIOS program has the following main functions:
- Start the computer
- Provide CMOS SETUP Default version
- Provides a program to test Video Card and RAM memory
- Manage drivers for components on the mainboard such as chipset, SIO IC, onboard Video Card, keyboard, etc.
– Specifications:
- ROM BIOS model
- Number of pins
3.2. Some other components
Quartz crystal
– Quartz crystal is used in oscillators to generate clock. Frequency of the oscillation is written on the back of the quartz.
– Specifications:
- Clock frequency
- Location (near IC, chipset, etc.)
Coil
– Coil is also known as inductor. Inductor is responsible for keeping the stable current for power circuits. On the laptop mainboard, they are denoted L, PL.
– Specifications:
- Shape
- Number of turns in the inductor
- Symbol
Capacitor
– Capacitor is responsible for absorption spikes in power, creating a constant steady stream of the electricity or voltage needed to power components on mainboard. On the Desktop mainboard, there are 2 types of capacitors: non-polarized ceramic capacitors and polarized capacitors.
– Specifications:
- Shape
- Color
- Symbol
Mosfet (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)
– Mosfet is a type of field-effect transistor (FET), most commonly fabricated by the controlled oxidation of silicon. They are very commonly used in digital and analog circuits.
– Specifications:
- Number of pins
- Color
- Number of mosfets on mainboard
Resistor
– Resistor is a passive component used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses. On the laptop mainboard, they are denoted R, PR.
– Specifications:
- Color
- Impedance
- Location (near IC, capacitor, etc.)
CMOS battery
– CMOS battery is used to provide sustained power for RAM CMOS.
– Specifications:
- Color
- Shape
- Battery type
- Place of production
4. Requirement of practice
- Each student receives practical tools.
- Disassemble and rebuild the Desktop step by step and follow the regulations.
- Recognize components on the Desktop mainboard.
- Observe and record the specifications of the components on the Desktop mainboard.
- Complete the practice sheet for lesson 05.
- Take pictures, record videos for documentation.
5. Practice sheet
Each student downloads the practice sheet here, photo it and bring it with you when you practice.
